{"id":2614,"date":"2026-03-19T17:15:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T20:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rms.cl\/RicardoMewes\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2026-03-26T17:20:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T20:20:17","slug":"incoterms-2020-que-son-y-como-elegir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rms.cl\/RicardoMewes\/2026\/03\/19\/incoterms-2020-que-son-y-como-elegir\/","title":{"rendered":"Incoterms 2020: qu\u00e9 significan y c\u00f3mo elegir el adecuado en tus operaciones de comercio exterior"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En las operaciones de importaci\u00f3n y exportaci\u00f3n, uno de los elementos clave para definir responsabilidades entre comprador y vendedor son los <\/span><b>Incoterms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Estos t\u00e9rminos internacionales establecen qui\u00e9n asume los costos, riesgos y obligaciones en cada etapa del transporte de mercanc\u00edas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comprender su uso y elegir el Incoterm adecuado permite evitar conflictos, mejorar la planificaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica y asegurar una correcta ejecuci\u00f3n de las operaciones de comercio exterior.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los Incoterms?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los <\/span><b>Incoterms (International Commercial Terms)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> son reglas internacionales definidas por la C\u00e1mara de Comercio Internacional (ICC) que regulan las condiciones de entrega de mercanc\u00edas en el comercio internacional.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estos t\u00e9rminos determinan aspectos como:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qui\u00e9n paga el transporte<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qui\u00e9n asume los riesgos durante el traslado<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En qu\u00e9 punto se transfiere la responsabilidad<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e9 parte gestiona los tr\u00e1mites aduaneros<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 son importantes en una operaci\u00f3n?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La correcta elecci\u00f3n del Incoterm impacta directamente en:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La estructura de costos de la operaci\u00f3n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La distribuci\u00f3n de riesgos<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La coordinaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La claridad contractual entre las partes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un uso incorrecto puede generar sobrecostos, retrasos o conflictos entre comprador y proveedor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Principales Incoterms utilizados<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algunos de los Incoterms m\u00e1s utilizados en el comercio exterior son:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>EXW (Ex Works)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El vendedor pone la mercanc\u00eda a disposici\u00f3n en su punto de origen. El comprador asume pr\u00e1cticamente todos los costos y riesgos desde ese momento.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>FOB (Free On Board)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El vendedor entrega la mercanc\u00eda a bordo del buque. Desde ese punto, el riesgo se transfiere al comprador.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El vendedor cubre el costo, seguro y transporte hasta el puerto de destino, pero el riesgo se transfiere una vez que la carga est\u00e1 a bordo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El vendedor asume pr\u00e1cticamente todos los costos y responsabilidades hasta la entrega final en destino, incluyendo impuestos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u00bfC\u00f3mo elegir el Incoterm adecuado?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La elecci\u00f3n del Incoterm debe considerar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nivel de experiencia del importador o exportador<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capacidad log\u00edstica de cada parte<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tipo de mercanc\u00eda<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medio de transporte utilizado<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nivel de control que se desea sobre la operaci\u00f3n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No existe un Incoterm \u201cmejor\u201d que otro, sino uno m\u00e1s adecuado seg\u00fan el contexto de la operaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Errores comunes en el uso de Incoterms<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algunos errores frecuentes incluyen:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilizar Incoterms sin entender su alcance<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No especificar correctamente el punto de entrega<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asumir responsabilidades que no corresponden<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No considerar seguros o costos adicionales<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estos errores pueden generar diferencias contractuales y problemas operativos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Una decisi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica en el comercio exterior<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Incoterms no solo son una formalidad contractual, sino una herramienta clave para definir c\u00f3mo se ejecuta una operaci\u00f3n internacional.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elegir correctamente permite optimizar costos, reducir riesgos y mejorar la coordinaci\u00f3n entre las partes involucradas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En RMS apoyamos a nuestros clientes en la revisi\u00f3n de condiciones log\u00edsticas y documentales de sus operaciones, contribuyendo a una gesti\u00f3n m\u00e1s clara y eficiente del comercio exterior.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si tu empresa realiza importaciones o exportaciones, <\/span><b>revisar el uso de Incoterms en tus contratos puede marcar una diferencia relevante en tus resultados operativos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En las operaciones de importaci\u00f3n y exportaci\u00f3n, uno de los elementos clave para definir responsabilidades entre comprador y vendedor son los Incoterms. Estos t\u00e9rminos internacionales establecen qui\u00e9n asume los costos, riesgos y obligaciones en cada etapa del transporte de mercanc\u00edas. Comprender su uso y elegir el Incoterm adecuado permite evitar conflictos, mejorar la planificaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2615,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Incoterms 2020: \u00bfqu\u00e9 son?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conozca qu\u00e9 son los Incoterms 2020, c\u00f3mo funcionan y c\u00f3mo elegir el m\u00e1s adecuado para sus operaciones de importaci\u00f3n y exportaci\u00f3n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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